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Introduction to Environmental Science, 2017 edition

revised edition

Chapter 8: Water by Dr. Samuel Mutiti

This chapter has been adapted from these resources:

OpenStax, Biology. OpenStax CNX. Dec 19, 2016 http://cnx.org/contents/185cbf87-c72e-48f5-b51e-f14f21b5eabd@10.95.
OpenStax, Concepts of Biology. OpenStax CNX. Dec 20, 2016 http://cnx.org/contents/b3c1e1d2-839c-42b0-a314-e119a8aafbdd@9.18.

Chapter 8 Outline

8.1 Properties of water
      a. hydrogen bonding
      b. Physical state of water
      c. Heat capacity
      d. Heat of vaporization
      e. Universal solvent
      f. Cohesion and adhesion
8.2. Global water distribution and sse
8.3. The hydrologic cycle
8.4. Components of the hydrologic cycle
      a. Atmosphere and precipitation
      b. Rivers and streams
      c. Lakes, ponds and reservoirs
      d. Wetlands
      e. Oceans
      f. Groundwater
8.5. Water scarcity and shortage
8.6. Water pollution and quality
      a. Types of water pollution
      b. Sources of water pollution
8.7. Water management
      a. Water pollution control
      b. Watershed management
      c. Regulations

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this chapter students will be able to:

  1. Draw multiple interacting water molecules and identify the bonds and atoms.
  2. Explain how the molecular structure of the water molecule contributes to the unique properties of water.
  3. Demonstrate an understanding of how much water is available on Earth and how it is distributed.
  4. Compare regional and national responses to water issues.
  5. Explain water-related problems (for example water scarcity, water-borne diseases, water pollution, flooding) from different regions of the world.
  6. Explain how human modifications of natural water systems can be both beneficial and destructive.
  7. Describe solutions to water-related problems.
  8. Read and interpret graphs and charts about water.
  9. Demonstrate knowledge of some of the major regulations related to water in the USA.
  10. Gain a rudimentary understanding of groundwater flow, management and protection.

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